Science X Newsletter-Earth News

"Melting arctic sea-ice could affect global ocean circulation."

Views expressed in this science and technology update are those of the reporters and correspondents.  Accessed on 29 October 2024, 0232 UTC.

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 Russ Roberts (https://hawaiisciencejournal.blogspot.com).

 

Earth news

	Melting Arctic sea-ice could affect global ocean circulation, study warns The warming climate in polar regions may significantly disrupt ocean circulation patterns, a new study indicates. Scientists discovered that in the distant past, growing inflows of freshwater from melting Arctic sea-ice into the Nordic Seas likely significantly affected ocean circulation, sending temperatures plummeting across northern Europe.
	A cooling shift: Slowing ocean circulation may temper Arctic temperature rise The Arctic is warming at three to four times the global average. However, new research suggests the slowing of a key ocean current could reduce projected Arctic warming by up to 2 degrees Celsius by the end of the century.
	Dinosaurs thrived after ice, not fire, says a new study of ancient volcanism 201.6 million years ago, one of the Earth's five great mass extinctions took place, when three-quarters of all living species suddenly disappeared. The wipeout coincided with massive volcanic eruptions that split apart Pangaea, a giant continent then comprising almost all the planet's land. Millions of cubic miles of lava erupted over some 600,000 years, separating what are now the Americas, Europe and North Africa.
	Balancing nutrient levels and fishery health in Lake Erie There's a famous piece of advice from hockey, attributed to Wayne Gretzky, about how it's better to skate to where the puck is headed rather than where it is. Research is now showing that regulations designed to protect Lake Erie's water quality are heeding the Great One's words when it comes to safeguarding the Great Lake's fisheries. The research has been published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
	Almost a third of asthma cases are attributable to long-term exposure to fine particular matter, global study suggests Drawing on evidence involving about 25 million people worldwide, an international research team led by the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry demonstrates that long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 significantly increases the risk of asthma, affecting both children and adults. The researchers find that approximately 30% of new asthma cases worldwide were linked to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, highlighting the dramatic threat air pollution poses to public health.
	Atmospheric chemistry: Researchers discover polarity competition mechanisms in thunderstorm cloud-top corona discharges A team of researchers has made significant strides in understanding the mechanisms behind corona discharges at thunderstorm cloud tops, a phenomenon that plays a critical role in the Earth's atmospheric chemistry. Their findings, published in the journal Nature Communications on August 26, introduce a new conceptual model that could reshape our understanding of these high-altitude electrical discharges.
	Tracking a disappearing mantle plume in ancient Samoa: Researchers shed light on a 30-million-year gap When plumes of magma well up through Earth's lithosphere, they create volcanoes, islands, seamounts, and other features on the surface. Telltale hot spot tracks form as tectonic plates move over these plumes, marking plume locations and the movement of the crust above them through time.
	Coral record reveals long-term variability of Kuroshio The Kuroshio is a strong western boundary current in the North Pacific. It transports warm, saltier waters from low to middle latitudes, and has a significant impact on China, East Asia and even the global climate. How the Kuroshio changed before the Industrial Revolution was poorly understood due to the scarcity of observational data.
	Scientists warn of possible collapse of Atlantic currents A group of scientists warned Monday of the greatly underestimated risk of a collapse of ocean currents in the Atlantic which could have catastrophic consequences for the Nordic countries as the region's leaders gathered in Iceland.
	Still no snow on Japan's Mount Fuji, breaking record Japan's Mount Fuji remained snow-less as of Monday—the latest date that its majestic slopes have been bare since records began 130 years ago, the weather agency said.
	Carbon cuts 'miles short' of 2030 goal: UN Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere reached new record highs in 2023, the UN warned on Monday, with countries falling "miles short" of what is needed to curb devastating global warming.
	Polluters must pay: How COP29 can make this a reality The 29th Conference of the Parties (COP29) takes place in Azerbaijan in November 2024. The annual climate change conference must focus on holding corporations and countries accountable for greenhouse gas emissions.
	Spreading crushed rock over farmland can remove CO₂ from the atmosphere if we do it right Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is naturally removed from the air when it reacts with certain types of rock. We can accelerate this process by crushing suitable rocks and spreading them over agricultural fields. This simple method, known as "enhanced rock weathering," could vastly increase the rate of CO₂ removal from the atmosphere.
	Establishing a routine process for evaluating extreme weather events When extreme weather events occur, can we tell if they're directly attributable to climate change? A new study used the 2023 heat wave in Texas and Louisiana as a test case for establishing processes that tease out whether particular weather events are climate related.
	Are we missing the mark on biodiversity? 90% of countries ignore key behavior changes There is a yawning gap between national policies to enhance biodiversity and the individual and small group behavioral changes that are critical to making a real difference, according to new research from the University of Surrey.
	Public and community engagement key to enhancing urban living conditions, environmental decision making in China Public and community engagement in decision making is key to enhancing urban living conditions and the environment in China, a new study says.
	Study offers refined estimates of permafrost loss in High Mountain Asia under future warming Climate models are critical for anticipating future changes caused by greenhouse gas emissions, helping guide policy decisions on climate mitigation. However, some of the latest climate models—particularly a set from the newest generation—have been deemed "too hot," meaning they predict warming in excess of realistic estimates. This can lead to exaggerated expectations of environmental impacts, such as permafrost loss.
	UN biodiversity summit making 'very good progress': officials Crunch UN talks on ways to "halt and reverse" species loss by 2030 have made "very good progress," officials said Friday, as the summit in Colombia marked its halfway point.
	Climate change-worsened floods wreak havoc in Africa Every rainy season for the past 12 years, floods have swept through 67-year-old Idris Egbunu's house in central Nigeria.
	High-altitude ER-2 flights get down-to-earth data Operating at altitudes above 99% of the Earth's atmosphere, NASA's ER-2 aircraft is the agency's highest-flying airborne science platform. With its unique ability to observe from as high as 65,000 feet, the ER-2 aircraft is often a platform for Earth science that facilitates new and crucial information about our planet, especially when the plane is part of collaborative and multidisciplinary projects.
	EPA reviewing petition to evaluate Tijuana River Valley's eligibility as a superfund site The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency said Friday it is reviewing a petition sent by San Diego County residents and elected officials asking the federal government to evaluate whether the polluted Tijuana River Valley may be eligible for Superfund designation.
	Is it true that trees pollute the air? Methane is the most famous volatile organic compound (VOC) in our atmosphere. This week, our host George Zaidan follows up on a Reactions subscriber's question about the 600 teragrams of a less famous VOC released every year: isoprene.
	A new app for tracking coastal flooding during hurricanes A web-based application that gathers crowdsourced data to identify flooding and inform policy in coastal communities provided University of South Florida scientists with essential data from hurricanes Helene and Milton.
	Investigating lithium isotope systematics in Qinghai Lake Recently, Prof. Xiao Yilin's team from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), in collaboration with the Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, University of Pennsylvania and Nanning Normal University, revealed the lithium (Li) cycling process and lithium isotope (δ7Li) fractionation mechanism in Qinhai Lake through their analysis of the water and sediments of the lake. Their research was published in Applied Geochemistry.

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