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New way to generate human cartilage University of Montana researchers and their partners have found a new method to generate human cartilage of the head and neck. A faster, better way to prevent an AI chatbot from giving toxic responses A new technique can more effectively perform a safety check on an AI chatbot. Researchers enabled their model to prompt a chatbot to generate toxic responses, which are used to prevent the chatbot from giving hateful or harmful answers when deployed.
Image: CkyBe/shutterstock.com Researchers discover how we perceive bitter taste A new study reveals the detailed protein structure of the TAS2R14, a bitter taste receptor that allows us to perceive bitter taste. In addition to solving the structure of this taste receptor, the researchers were also able to determine where bitter-tasting substances bind to TAS2R14 and how they activate them. The findings may lead to the development of drugs that targeting taste receptors. Quantum breakthrough when light makes materials magnetic The potential of quantum technology is huge but is today largely limited to the extremely cold environments of laboratories. Now, researchers have succeeded in demonstrating for the very first time how laser light can induce quantum behavior at room temperature -- and make non-magnetic materials magnetic. The breakthrough is expected to pave the way for faster and more energy-efficient computers, information transfer and data storage. Forests could also be potential bulwarks against climate change. But, increasingly severe droughts and wildfires, invasive species, and large insect outbreaks -- all intensified by climate change -- are straining many national forests and surrounding lands in the United States. A report outlines a new approach to forest stewardship that 'braids together' Indigenous knowledge and Western science to conserve and restore more resilient forestlands. Mechanism of action of the hepatitis B and D virus cell entry inhibitor bulevirtide deciphered Over 12 million people worldwide suffer from a chronic infection with the hepatitis D virus. This most severe viral liver disease is associated with a high risk of dying from liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. It is caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV), which uses the surface proteins of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) as a vehicle to specifically enter liver cells via a protein in the cell membrane -- the bile salt transporter protein NTCP. New insight into combating drug-resistant prostate cancer New research sheds light on the significance of the glucocorticoid receptor in drug-resistant prostate cancer, showing that the development of drug resistance could be prevented by limiting the activity of coregulator proteins. 3D mouth of an ancient jawless fish suggests they were filter-feeders, not scavengers or hunters Early jawless fish were likely to have used bony projections surrounding their mouths to modify the mouth's shape while they collected food. Experts have used CT scanning techniques to build up the first 3D pictures of these creatures, which are some of the earliest vertebrates (animals with backbones) in which the mouth is fossilized. Their aim was to answer questions about feeding in early vertebrates without jaws in the early Devonian epoch -- sometimes called the Age of Fishes -- around 400 million years ago. A promising target for new RNA therapeutics now accessible Only recently, a new era in medicine began with the first RNA vaccines. These active substances are modified RNAs that trigger immune responses of the human immune system. Another approach in RNA medicine targets the body's own RNA and its protein modulators by specifically tailored active substances. Novel UV broadband spectrometer revolutionizes air pollutant analysis A research team has developed a broadband UV dual-comb spectrometer with which air pollutants can be continually measured and their reaction with the environment can be observed in real time. Obese and overweight children at risk of iron deficiency Children and young people who are overweight or obese are at significantly higher risk of iron deficiency, according to a study by nutritional scientists. AI makes retinal imaging 100 times faster, compared to manual method Researchers applied artificial intelligence (AI) to a technique that produces high-resolution images of cells in the eye. They report that with AI, imaging is 100 times faster and improves image contrast 3.5-fold. The advance, they say, will provide researchers with a better tool to evaluate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other retinal diseases. New method of measuring qubits promises ease of scalability in a microscopic package The path to quantum supremacy is made challenging by the issues associated with scaling up the number of qubits. One key problem is the way that qubits are measured. A research group introduces a new approach that tackles these challenges head-on using nanobolometers instead of traditional, bulky parametric amplifiers. Research has uncovered important new insights into the evolution of oxygen, carbon, and other vital elements over the entire history of Earth -- and it could help assess which other planets can develop life, ranging from plants to animals and humans. Breakthrough for next-generation digital displays Researchers have developed a digital display screen where the LEDs themselves react to touch, light, fingerprints and the user's pulse, among other things. Their results could be the start of a whole new generation of displays for phones, computers and tablets. New strategy for assessing the applicability of reactions Chemists show that a machine-based method prevents widespread 'bias' in chemical publications. Cockayne syndrome: New insights into cellular DNA repair mechanism Researchers decode repair mechanism during transcription of genetic information. Waterproof 'e-glove' could help scuba divers communicate When scuba divers need to say 'I'm okay' or 'Shark!' to their dive partners, they use hand signals to communicate visually. But sometimes these movements are difficult to see. Now, researchers have constructed a waterproof 'e-glove' that wirelessly transmits hand gestures made underwater to a computer that translates them into messages. The new technology could someday help divers communicate better with each other and with boat crews on the surface. Microplastic 'hotspots' identified in Long Island Sound Forensic and environmental experts have teamed up to develop a new scientific method to pinpoint microplastic pollution 'hotspots' in open waters. Revascularization enhances quality of life for patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia Over 200 million people around the world experience peripheral artery disease (PAD) -- a condition caused by the narrowing of the blood vessels from the heart to the lower limbs that leads to pain when walking -- and for roughly 1-in-10 this advances to chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), an advanced form of PAD. Those with CLTI often suffer severe pain even at rest, caused by fatty plaque buildup obstructing blood flow, typically to the leg or foot. A new screening protocol can detect aggressive prostate cancers more selectively A large randomized trial shows that a new three-step prostate cancer screening method can find a considerable number of aggressive cancers. Population-level screening programs have not been launched in most countries. Deforestation harms biodiversity of the Amazon's perfume-loving orchid bees A survey of orchid bees in the Brazilian Amazon state of Rond nia, carried out in the 1990s, is shedding new light the impact of deforestation on the scent-collecting pollinators, which some view as bellwethers of biodiversity in the neotropics. Research uncovers differences between men and women in sleep, circadian rhythms and metabolism A new review of research evidence has explored the key differences in how women and men sleep, variations in their body clocks, and how this affects their metabolism. The evolving attitudes of Gen X toward evolution As the centennial of the Scopes Monkey Trial of 1925 approaches, a new study illustrates that the attitudes of Americans in Generation X toward evolution shifted as they aged. Brain stimulation treatment may improve depression, anxiety in older adults A noninvasive brain stimulation treatment improved depression and anxiety symptoms among older adults in a new study. Respiratory allergies: Newly discovered molecule plays a major role in triggering inflammation One of the molecules responsible for triggering the inflammation that causes allergic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, has just been discovered. This molecule, from the alarmin family, represents a therapeutic target of major interest for the treatment of allergic diseases. A study has analyzed the impact of the rise in sea surface temperature on macroalgae communities over the last four decades. Points at various depths were investigated in a location off the coast of Biscay, and an increasing scarcity was observed in the number of cold-affinity structuring species, while small warm-affinity ones have proliferated. The researchers are warning that some ecological functions are in jeopardy as a result. AI-assisted breast-cancer screening may reduce unnecessary testing Researchers showed that AI assistance potentially could improve breast-cancer screening by reducing the number of false positives without missing true positives. Connecting lab-grown brain cells provides insight into how our own brains work Researchers have developed a technique to connect lab-grown neural 'organoids' (three-dimensional developmental brain-like structures grown from human stem cells) using axonal bundles, similar to the connections between regions in the human brain. This technique allows brain networks to be better represented experimentally in the lab, and will improve understanding and studies of network-related brain disorders. In a new breakthrough that could revolutionise medical and material engineering, scientists have developed a first-of-its-kind molecular device that controls the release of multiple small molecules using force. Further ExploreVisit ScienceDaily for your latest research news. Enjoyed this newsletter? Share the knowledge with your friends and colleagues!
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