Tuesday, November 5, 2024

Scientific American-Today in Science

"Voting has never been more secure than it is right now."

Views expressed in this science and technology update are those of the reporters and correspondents.  Accessed on 05 November 2024, 2022 UTC.

Content and Source:  https://www.scientificamerican.com

Please check link or scroll down to read your selections.  Thanks for joining us today.

Russ Roberts (https://hawaiisciencejournal.blogspot.com).

November 5—This week we’re covering a leak on the International Space Station, and we explain the current crisis in election polling. Plus, here’s how to make your own zoetrope. Those and more below!

--Ben Guarino, Associate Editor, Technology

P.S. How are you liking this newsletter? Send me any feedback or other suggestions directly: benjamin.guarino@sciam.com.


Efficient machines, paper ballots and human checks make the U.S. voting system robust

Leaving the Levers Behind
Most Americans will vote by paper ballots that are scanned by machines, as I wrote in a recent story about the robustness of U.S. voting. Others might use touch-screens that generate paper records. That isn’t, of course, how voting was always done. If you, like me, remember when it was possible to vote in a curtained booth by a mechanical lever, you may be wondering where those machines went. They were introduced in the late 1800s to prevent corruption with paper ballots, only to eventually be phased out for federal elections a century later by the 2002 Help America Vote Act.

But why? I posed this question to Mark Lindeman, a policy and strategy director at the nonprofit Verified Voting. Here, in an excerpt from our conversation that didn’t make it into the main story, is what he says: “Lever machines have two major disadvantages. One is that they don't provide accessibility features at all. There's a non-trivial proportion of the public that has no prayer of casting their vote on a lever machine without assistance. That really amounts to someone voting on their behalf….The Help America Vote Act is very explicit about accessibility requirements. So if you're going to have lever machines, you need to have something else too. And that's not a very appealing setup.

And second—[pauses]—I'm pausing because not everyone agrees about this, but: Lever voting machines don't provide individual voter-verifiable records of how people voted. So if a lever machine jams, if it malfunctions, if it has been tampered with, there's really no way to recover correct counts. So lever machines were widely believed to be highly reliable (and I really have no way of knowing), but there was no plan B.” -- Ben
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Top Stories
 
Why Election Polling Has Become Less Reliable

Election polls are increasingly vulnerable to huge mistakes

 
Zoetrope Animation Is Back. Here’s How to Make One

Put your own spin on a zoetrope with homemade drawings—or carve one into a pumpkin

 
The International Space Station Has Been Leaking for Five Years

Pesky leaks on the International Space Station aren’t the most serious issue facing U.S. human spaceflight

 
Your 2024 Election Rundown, from Immigration to Education

The outcome of the 2024 U.S. presidential election could set the climate agenda, reshape public education and shift the dynamics of global science collaboration.

 
How Superman Helped Launch the Hubble Space Telescope

Long before it orbited Earth, the Hubble Space Telescope starred in a famous Superman comic

WHAT WE'RE READING
  • An AI that generates video games can make a rough approximation of Minecraft in real time. | MIT Technology Review
  • A robot retrieved a granola-sized sample of melted fuel from one of the damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactors. | Associated Press
  • OpenAI now lets users search the Internet via the paid version of its chatbot. | The New York Times

From the Archive
 
AI Chatbots Are Coming to Search Engines. Can You Trust Them?

Google, Microsoft and Baidu are using tools similar to ChatGPT to turn Internet searches into a conversation. How will this change humanity’s relationship with machines?

 

SciTechDaily.com Newsletter

"Is climate change infiltrating your backyard?"

Views expressed in this science and technology update are those of the reporters and correspondents.  Accessed on 05 November 2024. 1419 UTC.

Content and Source:  https://scitechdaily.com/newsletter.

Please check link or scroll down to read your selections.  Thanks for joining us today.

Russ Roberts (https://hawaiisciencejournal.blogspot.com).

SciTechDaily Newsletter
The latest science, space, and technology news.
 
Is Climate Change Infiltrating Your Backyard?
 
2024-11-04 10:51:24 +00:00
Darby RiverOhio researchers found increasing discharge fluctuations in two Ohio rivers, indicating potential impacts of climate change and regional factors. Rivers serve as key indicators of ecosystem health and the lasting impacts of climate change. To deepen understanding of climate change effects on Ohio’s rivers, Ohio State University undergraduate Melody Green, in collaboration with Drs. Devin [...]
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Igniting Fusion Energy’s Future: The Surprising Power of Boron
 
2024-11-04 11:42:25 +00:00
Advanced Fusion Reactor Art ConceptTungsten, the preferred material for tokamak fusion reactors, poses challenges due to sputtering that cools plasma, making fusion hard to sustain. Researchers at PPPL suggest that sprinkling boron powder into tokamaks could prevent this by shielding walls and preventing tungsten entry into the plasma. Recent experiments across global tokamaks and a new computer model support [...]
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Scientists Start “Crazy” Multimillion-Dollar Plan To Catch Dark Matter… by Studying Rocks
 
2024-11-04 13:05:16 +00:00
Abstract Dark Matter Mystery AstrophysicsWith advancements in imaging technology, the first successful dark matter detector might turn out to be an ancient rock. The visible universe — every potato, gas giant, steamy romance novel, black hole, questionable tattoo, and overwritten sentence — makes up just 5 percent of the cosmos. A Virginia Tech-led team is hunting for the rest [...]
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New Research Reveals How Our Eyes “Dance” for Clearer Vision
 
2024-11-04 14:14:12 +00:00
Jenny Witten in Front of the Micro Psychophysical SetupResearchers in Bonn reveal how subtle eye movements and the density of photoreceptors contribute to sharp vision. Our ability to see begins with the light-sensitive photoreceptor cells in our eyes. A specific region of the retina, called the fovea, is responsible for sharp vision. Here, color-sensitive cone photoreceptors enable us to detect even the smallest [...]
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The Heart Under Siege: New Insights Into Long COVID’s Lasting Impact
 
2024-11-04 15:05:22 +00:00
Cardiology Heart Problems Art ConceptUniversity of Queensland researchers have found that inflammatory proteins may be responsible for the lingering heart symptoms experienced by many long COVID patients. The team discovered elevated cytokines—proteins involved in inflammation—in blood samples from people nearly a year and a half after their COVID infections. Lab tests showed that even trace amounts of these proteins [...]
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Defying Physics: Supermassive Black Hole Devours 40x Faster Than Expected
 
2024-11-04 16:00:25 +00:00
Black Hole LID-568A low-mass supermassive black hole appears to be consuming matter at over 40 times the theoretical limit. Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope discovered LID-568, a supermassive black hole feeding at a rate 40 times its Eddington limit, seen just 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang. This exceptional observation has provided new insights [...]
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The Haunting Spread of “Ghost Forests” Along North Carolina’s Coast
 
2024-11-04 17:09:11 +00:00
Ghost Forests North CarolinaNorth Carolina’s bald cypress forests, with their distinctive reddish bark and unique “knees,” have long been a defining feature of the region. However, these wetlands are rapidly transforming into eerie “ghost forests,” marked by pale, leafless tree remnants that dot the landscape. Research shows that this change, visible from space, correlates with rising sea levels, [...]
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Rewriting Physics: MIT Quantum Computer Emulates Complex Electromagnetic Fields for the First Time
 
2024-11-04 18:18:30 +00:00
Superconducting Quantum ProcessorBy simulating a magnetic field on a superconducting quantum computer, researchers can explore the intricate properties of materials. Quantum computers have the potential to simulate complex materials, allowing researchers to gain deeper insights into the physical properties that emerge from interactions among atoms and electrons. This may one day lead to the discovery or design [...]
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From Heart Health to Space Welding: Cutting-Edge Experiments Heading to the ISS on NASA’s SpaceX CRS-31 Mission
 
2024-11-04 19:27:07 +00:00
NASA SpaceX CRS-27 Dragon Before LiftoffNASA’s SpaceX CRS-31 mission to the ISS includes studies on in-space manufacturing, cardiac health, and a method to repair spacecraft damaged by debris. More than 25 payloads sponsored by the International Space Station (ISS) National Laboratory, including technology demonstrations, in-space manufacturing, student experiments, and multiple projects funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), are [...]
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MLB’s “Magic Mud” Exposed: The Science Behind Baseball’s Secret Weapon
 
2024-11-04 20:00:25 +00:00
Regular vs. Mudded BaseballsScientists unveil the long-mysterious qualities of baseball’s “magic” mud, which every MLB team uses on game balls. The unique properties of baseball’s famed “magic” mud have never been scientifically quantified — until now. In a new paper published today (November 4) in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), researchers from the University of [...]
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2,300 Years of Yellowstone’s Grazing Giants Uncovered in Lake Sediments
 
2024-11-04 21:02:23 +00:00
Bison Cows and Calves YellowstoneChemicals from buried dung in lake sediments indicate their presence and reveal their ecological impacts. A recent analysis of chemicals preserved in lake sediments reveals that large herbivores, such as bison and elk, have inhabited the Yellowstone National Park region continuously for approximately 2,300 years. John Wendt from Oklahoma State University, along with his colleagues, [...]
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Teen Marijuana Use Plummets Over a Decade: What’s Driving the Change?
 
2024-11-04 22:11:38 +00:00
Young People Smoking MarijuanaMarijuana use among adolescents in the U.S. has significantly decreased over the past decade, with notable differences across gender, grade levels, and racial/ethnic groups. A recent study from Florida Atlantic University reveals that older students and Black adolescents report higher usage, while gender dynamics show a shift, with girls surpassing boys in marijuana use by [...]
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NASA’s CODEX Ready To Unlock Solar Wind Mysteries From the ISS
 
2024-11-04 23:20:06 +00:00
CODEX Instrument on ISSNASA’s Coronal Diagnostic Experiment (CODEX) is set to launch to the International Space Station to explore new details about the solar wind, including its origins and evolution. Installed on the station’s exterior, CODEX will use advanced filtering to block out sunlight, allowing detailed observation of the Sun’s corona and solar wind. This innovative coronagraph will [...]
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Scientists Discover Bacteria That Could Help Us Win the Fight Against Mosquitoes
 
2024-11-05 00:00:25 +00:00
Mosquito Aedes Aegypti on Human SkinScientists have discovered that a type of bacteria, Asaia, accelerates the growth of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae by a day, potentially enhancing mosquito control programs. These programs, crucial for battling diseases like dengue and Zika, release sterilized or genetically modified mosquitoes to reduce disease transmission. Mosquito-Borne Illness and Control Programs A new study has found [...]
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Parallel and Multiplexed: The New Wave of All-Optical Logic Operations
 
2024-11-05 01:05:06 +00:00
Diffraction Casting OverviewAdvancements in AI and IoT are driving demand for more powerful computing, leading to innovative solutions like optical computing. Tokyo University’s new “diffraction casting” method uses light to achieve faster and more efficient data processing, marking a significant step towards revolutionizing the computing industry. In recent years, the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence and the [...]
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Cornell’s Breakthrough Could Mean the End of Exploding Batteries
 
2024-11-05 02:14:27 +00:00
General Battery Technology Concept ArtResearchers at Cornell have engineered a groundbreaking porous crystal using a unique fusion of macrocycle and molecular cage structures, enhancing lithium-ion transport in solid-state batteries. This new crystal design features one-dimensional nanochannels that significantly increase ion conductivity, a development that promises safer batteries and has potential applications in water purification and bioelectronics. By fusing two [...]
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Experts Warn: “American Malaria” Cases Rising at Alarming Rates
 
2024-11-05 03:36:54 +00:00
Lyme Disease Tick on SkinAccording to a new study, cases of babesiosis rose by an average of 9% annually between 2015 and 2022, with nearly half of the affected individuals also co-infected with another tick-borne illness, such as Lyme disease. According to a new study led by researchers at Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and Penn [...]
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New Breakthrough Helps Free Up Space for Robots To “Think”
 
2024-11-05 06:25:31 +00:00
Artificial Intelligence Robot ThinkingKing’s College London researchers have created a pressure-based, electricity-free robotic control system that enables advanced AI and autonomous functioning, paving the way for versatile, adaptive robots suitable for low-power and specialized environments. Engineers have developed a method to give robots complex instructions without using electricity, potentially freeing up more space in the robotic ‘brain’ for [...]
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NASA and SpaceX Launch 6,000 Pounds of Innovation to the ISS on 31st Resupply Mission
 
2024-11-05 07:16:30 +00:00
NASA SpaceX CRS-31 LaunchAfter a successful launch of NASA’s 31st SpaceX commercial resupply mission, new scientific experiments and supplies are on their way to the International Space Station (ISS). The SpaceX Dragon spacecraft, loaded with over 6,000 pounds of cargo for the orbiting lab, lifted off at 9:29 p.m. EST on Monday. The launch took place from Launch [...]
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Hubble Unveils Explosive Supernova in Stunning Spiral Galaxy
 
2024-11-05 08:05:28 +00:00
Spiral Galaxy NGC 1672NGC 1672, a stunning barred spiral galaxy located 49 million light-years away in the constellation Dorado, puts on a dazzling light show, courtesy of Hubble’s detailed imaging. This mesmerizing Hubble Space Telescope image features NGC 1672, a barred spiral galaxy located 49 million light-years away in the constellation Dorado. NGC 1672 puts on a dazzling [...]
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New Harvard Discovery Reveals Mars Could Have Supported Life Far Longer Than Thought
 
2024-11-05 09:37:09 +00:00
Mars Planet Globe WideResearchers at Harvard’s Paleomagnetics Lab have made a compelling case that Mars’ magnetic field, which could have supported life, lasted until 3.9 billion years ago—much later than previously thought. Evidence suggests that billions of years ago, Mars may have been a thriving environment for life. Today, however, the planet is cold, dry, and stripped of [...]
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Is Aging All in Your Head? According to Scientists, Your Outlook Could Predict Your Cognitive Future
 
2024-11-05 10:46:21 +00:00
Happy Smiling Old WomanA new study shows that people with more positive expectations about aging tend to rate their cognitive function higher and report less perceived cognitive decline. Aging often comes with expectations—like gray hair, wrinkles, and occasional forgetfulness. While these assumptions may seem harmless, a new study from researchers at Penn State College of Nursing suggests that [...]
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Achieving the “Impossible”: Nuclear Physicists Are Closer Than Ever to the Elusive Double Magic Nuclei
 
2024-11-05 11:55:48 +00:00
Nuclear Fusion Energy Reactor Plasma Art IllustrationAdvancements in nuclear physics may soon enable the creation of stable, superheavy nuclei, paving the way for new materials and insights into atomic stability. A team of scientists has made significant advancements in the quest to create new, long-lasting superheavy nuclei. These double magic nuclei, which have a precise number of protons and neutrons that [...]
Read more...
 


Ancient Star Clusters Exposed: New 3D Insights Transform Our Understanding
 
2024-11-05 13:00:31 +00:00
16 Globular ClustersNew research offers groundbreaking insights into the formation and dynamical evolution of globular clusters, showing multiple formation events and distinct motions within these ancient star populations that inform our understanding of the universe’s early days. A study published today (November 5) in Astronomy & Astrophysics marks a major advancement in our understanding of how multiple [...]
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ScienceBlog.com Newsletter.

"Ghost of the Nile:  Ancient predator returns to Egypt after 5,000 years." Views expressed in this science and technology update a...