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"A fossil first:  Scientists find 1.5 million-year-old footprints of two different species of human ancestors at same spot."

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Russ Roberts (https://hawaiisciencejournal.blogspot.com).

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A fossil first: Scientists find 1.5-million-year-old footprints of two different species of human ancestors at same spot

Ancient human footprints found Kenya

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26ScienceDaily / 2d

More than a million years ago, on a hot savannah teeming with wildlife near the shore of what would someday become Lake Turkana in Kenya, two completely different species of hominins may have passed each other as they scavenged for food. Scientists know this because they have examined 1.5-million-year-old fossils they unearthed and have concluded they represent the first example of two sets of hom

Satellite evidence bolsters case that climate change caused mass elephant die-off

Elephant die-off linked to toxins

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ScienceDaily / 2d

A new study has provided further evidence that the deaths of 350 African elephants in Botswana during 2020 were the result of drinking from water holes where toxic algae populations had exploded due to climate change.

Different menopausal hormone treatments pose different risks

ScienceDaily / 14h

Researchers have analysed the effects of seven different hormone treatments for menopausal symptoms on the risk of blood clots, stroke and heart attack. The study, which involved around one million women aged between 50 and 58, is the largest and most comprehensive study of currently prescribed hormonal substances in the world. The results show that the risks differ depending on the active substan

Yesterday

The melting of Greenland: A climate challenge with major implications for the 21st century

ScienceDaily / 14h

The melting of Greenland is accelerating, with an estimated loss of between 964 and 1735 gigatons of ice per year by 2100 in a scenario of high greenhouse gas emissions (SSP585), according to three regional climate models. This melting will lead to a rise in sea levels of up to one meter, threatening millions of people in coastal areas.

Understanding the brain's resilience: Unravelling the mysteries of neuronal degeneration

ScienceDaily / 15h

Each brain is unique, not only in its connections but also in the molecular composition of its neurons, particularly ion channels. Despite their variability, the brain functions reliably -- a paradox known as 'neuronal degeneration' (distinct from pathological degeneration). Researchers used mathematical tools to uncover two distinct mechanisms enabling this robustness. These mechanisms ensure rel

Nov 29, 2024

Bacteria ditch tags to dodge antibiotics

Bacteria modify ribosomes for resistance

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ScienceDaily / 2d

Bacteria modify their ribosomes when exposed to widely used antibiotics, according to new research. The modified ribosomes have changes specifically in the regions where antibiotics latch on to and halt protein production. The study found this made the bacteria more resistant to the drugs. The subtle changes might be enough to alter the binding site of drug targets and constitute a possible new me

Strategies for safe and equitable access to water: A catalyst for global peace and security

ScienceDaily / 2d

Water can be a catalyst for peace and security with a critical role in preventing conflicts and promoting cooperation among communities and nations -- but only if managed equitably and sustainably.

Sea anemone study shows how animals stay 'in shape'

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Some animals, such as the starlet sea anemone, can regenerate large parts of their body, even after major injuries. Researchers have shown this regeneration response involves cells and molecules in body parts far from the injury site and is directed towards restoring the animal's original shape. The study sheds new light on the fundamental importance of maintaining body shape in animals and enhanc

Coral adaptation unlikely to keep pace with global warming

Coral adaptation struggles against warming

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Coral adaptation to ocean warming and marine heatwaves will likely be overwhelmed without rapid reductions of global greenhouse gas emissions, according to an international team of scientists.

Structural link for initiation of protein synthesis in bacteria

ScienceDaily / 2d

An international team of scientists have used advanced microscopy to image how ribosomes recruit to mRNA.

Hormone therapy affects the metabolic health of transgender individuals, study finds

Hormone therapy risks for transgender men

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ScienceDaily / 2d

New research shows that long-term sex hormone treatment in transgender individuals can lead to significant changes in body composition and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, particularly in transgender men.

Chemical replacement of TNT explosive more harmful to plants, study shows

New explosive chemical harms plants

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The increased use of a chemical compound to replace TNT in explosive devices has a damaging and long lasting effect on plants, new research has shown.

Preschool education: A key to supporting allophone children

ScienceDaily / 2d

A Canadian study reveals that allophone children often face learning and communication difficulties in kindergarten, which can negatively impact their educational journey.

Innovative nanostructures pave the way for advanced robotics -- and mini dinosaurs

DNA origami advances nanostructure robotics

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ScienceDaily / 2d

Using 'DNA origami' scientists have built innovative nanostructures that pave the way for advanced robotics that can deliver targeted drugs -- plus they made a tiny map of Australia and mini dinosaurs.

Study unravels another piece of the puzzle in how cancer cells may be targeted by the immune system

MR1 and vitamin B6 enhance immunotherapy

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ScienceDaily / 2d

Effective immunity hinges on the ability to sense infection and cellular transformation. In humans, there is a specialized molecule on the surface of cells termed MR1. MR1 allows sensing of certain small molecule metabolites derived from cellular and microbial sources; however, the breadth of metabolite sensing is unclear. Researchers have identified a form of vitamin B6 bound to MR1 as a means of

Clinical trial reveals twice-yearly injection to be 96% effective in HIV prevention

Twice-yearly injection prevents HIV effectively

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ScienceDaily / 2d

Recent results from a recent clinical trial indicate that a twice-yearly injection of Lenacapavir offers an overall 96% reduced risk of acquiring HIV. This makes Lenacapavir significantly more effective than the standard daily oral PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis).

In major materials breakthrough, team solves a nearly 200-year-old challenge in polymers

UVA team develops revolutionary polymer

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ScienceDaily / 2d

Researchers' new polymer strategy shifts a centuries-old engineering paradigm with a molecular design that doesn't sacrifice stretchability for stiffness.

Preclinical tests show mRNA-based treatments effective for blinding condition

mRNA therapy shows promise for PVR

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ScienceDaily / 2d

A new study found that a novel mRNA-based therapy that targets a protein called RUNX1 may be able to prevent blindness and scarring from proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), a disease caused by a traumatic eye injury or surgery like a retinal detachment repair that currently lacks effective treatments other than additional surgical procedures. Since RUNX1 is active in other diseases, the researc

Brain stimulation effectiveness tied to learning ability, not age

Brain stimulation depends on learning ability

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ScienceDaily / 2d

A study reveals that the effectiveness of brain stimulation on motor skills is determined by an individual's learning ability rather than age, highlighting the need for a more personalized approach to neurorehabilitation.

Worried about a pregnant woman's stress and mental health? Her saliva may hold the key

Pregnancy stress alters oral microbiome

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ScienceDaily / 2d

New research has found that the number and type of microbes present in the saliva of pregnant women differ according to whether they are experiencing life stress and symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.

First new treatment for asthma attacks in 50 years

New asthma treatment reduces steroid use

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ScienceDaily / 2d

A recent trial finds an injection given during some asthma and COPD attacks is more effective than the current treatment of steroid tablets, reducing the need for further treatment by 30%.

Early North Americans made needles from fur-bearers

Ice Age humans crafted bone needles

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ScienceDaily / 2d

Paleoindians at Wyoming's LaPrele mammoth site made needles from the bones of fur-bearers, likely to creat garments from the animals' furs to keep warm in a cool climate.

Fossil dung reveals clues to dinosaur success story

Fossilized poop reveals dinosaur dominance

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ScienceDaily / 2d

Researchers have been able to identify undigested food remains, plants and prey in the fossilized feces of dinosaurs. These analyses of hundreds of samples provide clues about the role dinosaurs played in the ecosystem around 200 million years ago.

Inside the 'swat team' -- how insects react to virtual reality gaming

Insects respond to virtual reality

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ScienceDaily / 2d

Humans get a real buzz from the virtual world of gaming and augmented reality but now scientists have trialled the use of these new-age technologies on small animals, to test the reactions of tiny hoverflies and even crabs. In a bid to comprehend the aerodynamic powers of flying insects and