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"Grow the skin you're in:  In vivo generation of chimeric skin grafts."

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Forwarded this email? Subscribe here for more ScienceDaily: All - May 30, 2024 Today's top research news MAY 30   READ IN APP   Grow the skin you're in: In vivo generation of chimeric skin grafts Researchers found that mutated mouse embryos showing an abnormal epidermal differentiation and injected with mouse pluripotent stem cells grew large patches of mature epidermis derived from the donor cells that survived transplantation to adult mice and grew natural-looking fur. Injecting the embryos with human keratinoctyes produced sheets of semi-humanized skin, suggesting that this system could be developed further to grow autologous skin grafts for treating severe skin wounds. Editing without 'cutting': Molecular mechanisms of new gene-editing tool revealed New research has determined the spatial structure of various processes of a novel gene-editing tool called 'prime editor.' Functional analysis based on these structures also revealed how a 'prime editor' could achieve reverse transcription, synthesizing DNA from RNA, without 'cutting' both strands of the double helix. Clarifying these molecular mechanisms contributes greatly to designing gene-editing tools accurate enough for gene therapy treatments. Image: PopTika/Shutterstock.com Menstrual periods are arriving earlier for younger generations, especially among racial minority and lower-income individuals The average age at menarche -- the first menstrual period -- has been decreasing among younger generations in the U.S., especially those belonging to racial minorities and lower socioeconomic statuses, according to a new study. It also found that the average time it takes for the menstrual cycle to become regular is increasing. Acute sense of touch helps hummingbirds hover near a flower without bumping into it Hummingbird flight mechanics have been well studied but far less is known about how their sense of touch helps them sip nectar from a flower without bumping into it. Most of what scientists know about how touch is processed in the brain comes from studies on mammals, but bird brains are very different from mammal brains. New research shows that touch and air pressure on the wings and legs activate specific clusters of neurons in two regions of the forebrain to create a map of their body, which may help hummingbirds make nuanced adjustments to flight. Complete X and Y chromosome sequences of living great ape species determined Newly generated, complete genomes for the sex chromosomes of six primate species may inform conservation of these endangered species and shed light on sex-related genetic diseases in both humans and our closest living relatives. Moon orbiting 'dinky' asteroid is actually two tiny moons stuck together The moon orbiting the asteroid Dinkinesh is actually two tiny moons stuck together. Collectively called 'Selam,' the two moonlets bring new insight into the complex processes behind planetary formation and evolution. The case of the missing black holes Researchers have applied the well-understood and highly verified quantum field theory, usually applied to the study of the very small, to a new target, the early universe. Their exploration led to the conclusion that there ought to be far fewer miniature black holes than most models suggest, though observations to confirm this should soon be possible. The specific kind of black hole in question could be a contender for dark matter. Electrochromic films -- like sunglasses for your windows? Advances in electrochromic coatings may bring us closer to environmentally friendly ways to keep inside spaces cool. Like eyeglasses that darken to provide sun protection, the optical properties of these transparent films can be tuned with electricity to block out solar heat and light. Now, researchers report demonstrating a new electrochromic film design based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that quickly and reliably switch from transparent to glare-diminishing green to thermal-insulating red. Chocolate's tasty flavors might pose a risk in other desserts What makes chocolate taste and smell so delicious? Chemistry, of course! A variety of molecules work together to create that unmistakable aroma, but those same molecules might carry some unwanted health effects if there are too many around. While many of the compounds appeared in chocolate in low enough concentrations to be safe, higher amounts were found in some baked sweet treats. More than just social media use may be causing depression in young adults, study shows Over the past few decades, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of depression in adolescents and young adults -- and a simultaneous uptick in the inclusion of technology and social media in everyday life. In a new study, researchers investigated the association among social media use, depression and other health-related behaviors of young adults over time. Orchids support seedlings through 'parental nurture' via shared underground fungal networks Orchid plants nurture their seedlings via an underground fungal network, new research has revealed. Quality over quantity for screen time -- study It is what we are looking at, rather than how much time we are spending our time online that influences our health and wellbeing, according to a new report. The study is a comprehensive examination of the latest scientific evidence on screen time and mental health. Fatal attraction: When endangered species try to mate with domestic relatives, both wildlife and people lose Sticks and stones aren't enough to thwart biological attraction, but sometimes those are the only tools available to pastoralists trying to prevent wildlife from eloping with their livestock. A new study brings awareness to both the human impacts of these encounters -- ranging from economic loss to death -- and conservation concerns for the wild animals that are often endangered. Could a medicated foam make gene therapies more accessible? Bioengineers report that a foaming liquid worked better than a standard liquid formulation at transferring gene therapy components to cells in laboratory studies. New technique offers more precise maps of the Moon's surface A new study may help redefine how scientists map the surface of the Moon, making the process more streamlined and precise than ever before. Scent detection dogs discern odour molecules better than previously thought According to a recent study, dogs trained to detect scent may be able to identify significantly lower concentrations of odour molecules than has previously been documented. Heart healthy behaviors may help reverse rapid cell aging The benefits gained with higher lifestyle scores may be associated with the positive influence of heart disease risk factors on the aging of the body and its cells, finds a new study in the Journal of the American Heart Association Hitting the target with non-invasive deep brain stimulation: Potential therapy for addiction, depression, and OCD Researchers have successfully tested a novel technique for probing deep into the human brain, without surgery, for potential therapeutic purposes. In the rapidly evolving field of neuroscience, non-invasive brain stimulation is a new hope for understanding and treating a myriad of neurological and psychiatric conditions without surgical intervention or implants. Health risk from global warming predictor of city climate action during COVID-19, study finds City officials were more likely to maintain climate action during the pandemic in places with more climate-related health issues affecting residents. Public have no difficulty getting to grips with an extra thumb, study finds Researchers have shown that members of the public have little trouble in learning very quickly how to use a third thumb -- a controllable, prosthetic extra thumb -- to pick up and manipulate objects. The team tested the robotic device on a diverse range of participants, which they say is essential for ensuring new technologies are inclusive and can work for everyone. Bird flu: Diverse range of vaccines platforms 'crucial' for enhancing human pandemic preparedness Review of research to-date suggests vaccination remains the most effective strategy for avian influenza prevention and control in humans, despite varying vaccine efficacy across strains. Marine Protected Areas don't line up with core habitats of rare migratory fish, finds new research 62% of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) designated to protect rare migratory fish species are outside of their core habitats, according to a new modeling study. Intermittent fasting shows promise in improving gut health, weight management Participants following an intermittent fasting and protein-pacing regimen, which involves evenly spaced protein intake throughout the day, saw better gut health, weight loss and metabolic responses. These benefits were notably greater than those seen with simple calorie restriction. The findings could advance our understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiome and metabolism and improve strategies for managing obesity. New deep learning model is 'game changer' for measuring embryo development A new deep learning model performs a task that biologists have struggled with for centuries -- how to measure the incredibly complex process of embryonic development. Scientists have shown that the AI model, known as Dev-ResNet, can identify what happens and when during embryonic development, from video. While used in pond snail embryos for this study, in future the technique could be used to help accelerate understanding on how climate change, and other external factors, affect humans and animals in the earliest stages of life. Optimal cancer-killing t cells discovered A team of cancer researchers has discovered a new subset of T cells that may improve the outcome for patients treated with T-cell therapies. Circadian clock can be leveraged to enhance cancer immunotherapy A multidisciplinary research team has revealed that the circadian clock -- the biological pacemaker that governs daily rhythms in physiological processes, including immune functions -- can be leveraged to enhance the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor cancer therapy. Checkpoint inhibitors block different proteins from binding to tumor cells, allowing the immune system's T cells to kill the tumor. A unified account of Darwinism's varieties A new article examines the question of what Darwinism is and how its nonscientific uses relate to the scientific theory of evolution. The authors observe that while some people claim Darwinism's meaning should be limited to scientific content, others call for its abolition altogether. The authors propose a unified account of these varieties of Darwinism. When should you neuter or spay your dog? A new study updates guidelines for when you should neuter or spay your dog to prevent increased risk of cancer or joint disorders. Mechanisms for selective multiple sclerosis treatment strategy Researchers have demonstrated how B cells infected with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can contribute to a pathogenic, inflammatory phenotype that contributes to multiple sclerosis (MS); the group has also shown how these problematic B cells can be selectively targeted in a way that reduces the damaging autoimmune response of multiple sclerosis. 'Cloaked' proteins deliver cancer-killing therapeutics into cells Scientists have designed a way to 'cloak' proteins in a generalized technique that could lead to repurposing things like antibodies for biological research and therapeutic applications. Is it a sound of music...or of speech? Scientists uncover how our brains try to tell the difference Music and speech are among the most frequent types of sounds we hear. But how do we identify what we think are differences between the two? An international team of researchers mapped out this process through a series of experiments -- yielding insights that offer a potential means to optimize therapeutic programs that use music to regain the ability to speak in addressing aphasia. Performance of eco-friendly cooling applications enhanced Researchers have developed a sustainable and controllable strategy to manipulate interfacial heat transfer, paving the way for improving the performance of eco-friendly cooling in various applications such as electronics, buildings and solar panels. Fatherhood's hidden heart health toll Heart disease is the leading cause of death among men, and being a father may put men at an even greater risk of poor heart health later in life, reports a new study. The study of 2,814 men between the ages of 45 and 84 found cardiovascular health in older age was worse for fathers compared to non-fathers. Study participants' heart health was rated based on their diet, physical activity, smoking habits, weight, blood pressure, and level of lipids and glucose in their blood. Light therapy increases brain connectivity following injury Low-level light therapy appears to affect healing in the brains of people who suffered significant brain injuries. Why do Dyeing poison frogs tap dance? The toe tapping behavior of various amphibians has long attracted attention from researchers and pet owners. Despite being widely documented, the underlying functional role is poorly understood. In a new paper, researchers demonstrate that Dyeing poison frogs modulate their taps based on specific stimuli. Wind farms are cheaper than you think -- and could have prevented Fukushima, says global review Offshore wind could have prevented the Fukushima disaster, according to a review of wind energy. Further Explore Visit ScienceDaily for your latest research news. Enjoyed this newsletter? 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